Nicky Verd is a Digital Futurist, author, international keynote speaker, consultant, and a passionate advocate for personal disruption in an AI-driven economy. As a leading thinker on innovation and digital transformation, she focuses on bridging the gap between people and technology to unlock human potential in the age of disruption. Recognised by Thinkers360 as one of the Top 50 Global Thought Leaders on Digital Disruption and the Future of Work, Nicky Verd inspires individuals to challenge the status quo and reinvent themselves.

11:00

Paper 077

Implementation of Artificial Intelligence to Enhance Communication Among Construction Project Stakeholders in Namibia

Ringisai Dhliwayo (NUST - Nam), Tafara Dziva (NUST - Zim), Tinoapei Dhliwayo (NUST - Nam), Kahilu Kajimo-Shakantu (UFS)

Abstract 

This study aims to investigate the implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to enhance communication among construction project stakeholders in Namibia. Namibian construction projects experience delayed feedback from team players and stakeholder conflicts due to a lack of stakeholder engagement and collaboration, which is believed to be emanating from poor communication strategies. This study can enhance construction project stakeholder communication utilising AI technologies in Namibia. The study adopted a quantitative approach, and 92 questionnaires were administered to registered construction professionals and building contractors randomly sampled in Khomas and Erongo Regions in Namibia. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to analyse quantitative data and investigate AI adoption in construction project communication. The results revealed that AI implementation in construction project communication in Namibia is yet to be fully embraced. The study also found that the lack of transparency and delays in feedback between stakeholders were the major challenges experienced in adopting AI. Data was only collected in Namibia's Khomas and Erongo regions, limiting the findings' generalizability. Future research should focus on the perceptions of all construction stakeholders in all Namibian regions to obtain a holistic view of the extent of AI adoption in construction project communication in other contexts. The results cannot be generalised to all contexts because of the differences amongst jurisdictions. The study is instrumental in enacting systems for using AI to improve construction project communications by project managers and clients. AI implementation in construction project communication has received less attention in research. This study will be pivotal in streamlining the construction communication process necessary for project success.

11:30

Paper 051 

Digital Transformation or Stagnation: Unveiling the Paradoxes of Progress Among South African Quantity Surveyors

Kristel Van Der Merwe (NMU), Gerrit Crafford (NMU), David Edwards (BCU – UK)

Abstract 

This paper explores the factors influencing digital transformation (DX) in quantity surveying in South Africa using the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework. Identifying and analysing these key factors can enhance digital responsiveness, thereby contributing to sector performance and global competitiveness. Adopting a post-positivist research philosophy, this study follows a deductive approach. Quantitative data were collected via web-based questionnaires from 100 professionally registered Quantity Surveyors practising in the South African private sector. Descriptive statistics and mean item scores (MISs) were utilised to analyse the data. The analysis indicates that only 31% of the responding firms have a DX strategy. Within the technology construct, relative advantages such as increased work productivity drive DX, while perceived challenges like security risks and financial constraints hinder progress. Organisationally, there is a recognised need to balance traditional and emerging quantity surveying and emerging digital services. Environmentally, firms aim to add value for clients and stay competitive despite lacking benchmarking against competitors. 

Uncertainties regarding government support and erratic power supply further complicate DX efforts. This study is limited to South Africa and may not reflect other regions' socio-economic or political conditions. The self-reported nature of the survey data also constrains the findings. The research provides actionable insights to address challenges in DX. Practical recommendations include formulating clear DX strategies, advocating for government support and incentives, and increasing awareness of market opportunities through digital innovations. These strategies can help quantity surveying firms bridge the gap between current practices and future digital integration. This paper contributes to the limited literature on DX in the South African quantity surveying sector by identifying specific TOE drivers and barriers. The research offers a nuanced understanding of how these factors affect the adoption and implementation of DX initiatives, thereby advancing both academic knowledge and industry practice.

12:00

Paper 013

Closing the Loop: Exploring the Quantity Surveyors' Role in Promoting Circularity at the Pre-contract Stage  

Anthony Wanyoike (NMU), Tirivavi Moyo (NMU)

Abstract

The construction industry is one of the biggest polluters and consumers of raw materials, yet it serves as a major socio-economic driver in South Africa. The advent of the circular economy (CE) as a framework for eliminating waste and minimising resource consumption offers a viable solution. However, its integration by quantity surveyors at the pre-contract stage has been insignificant. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate how quantity surveyors can integrate circularity at the pre-contract stage as a mechanism to address the prevailing environmental challenges within the sector. The study employed a qualitative research methodology using an inductive approach to construct theory. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with professionally registered quantity surveyors in the Eastern Cape province. The findings suggest low awareness of circularity among quantity surveyors and limited application at the pre-contract stage. The findings also reveal that quantity surveyors can leverage decision-making, cost and value-related roles to promote its integration at the pre-contract stage. The study's theoretical framework was constrained by a scarcity of related literature, particularly within a South African context. The findings can inform curricula within higher education and continuous professional development (CPD) to capacitate quantity surveyors with the necessary skills and competencies to adequately respond to the evolving demands of circularity within the construction industry. Additionally, existing procurement policies within the sector can be amended to include key tenets of CE as a strategy to accelerate its integration within the sector. Interventions for promoting circularity through quantity surveying roles are revealed at the pre-contract stage.

12:30

Paper 013

Closing the Loop: Exploring the Quantity Surveyors' Role in Promoting Circularity at the Pre-contract Stage  

Anthony Wanyoike (NMU), Tirivavi Moyo (NMU)

Abstract

The construction industry is one of the biggest polluters and consumers of raw materials, yet it serves as a major socio-economic driver in South Africa. The advent of the circular economy (CE) as a framework for eliminating waste and minimising resource consumption offers a viable solution. However, its integration by quantity surveyors at the pre-contract stage has been insignificant. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate how quantity surveyors can integrate circularity at the pre-contract stage as a mechanism to address the prevailing environmental challenges within the sector. The study employed a qualitative research methodology using an inductive approach to construct theory. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with professionally registered quantity surveyors in the Eastern Cape province. The findings suggest low awareness of circularity among quantity surveyors and limited application at the pre-contract stage. The findings also reveal that quantity surveyors can leverage decision-making, cost and value-related roles to promote its integration at the pre-contract stage. The study's theoretical framework was constrained by a scarcity of related literature, particularly within a South African context. The findings can inform curricula within higher education and continuous professional development (CPD) to capacitate quantity surveyors with the necessary skills and competencies to adequately respond to the evolving demands of circularity within the construction industry. Additionally, existing procurement policies within the sector can be amended to include key tenets of CE as a strategy to accelerate its integration within the sector. Interventions for promoting circularity through quantity surveying roles are revealed at the pre-contract stage.

14:00

Entrepreneurial Keynote Speaker: Grant Gavin

 Grant Gavin is a speaker, entrepreneur, coach, and author known for his success in the real estate industry and his influence as a leader. At 27, he acquired a controlling share in a family business and built it into a billion-rand residential property sales company, establishing the No. 1 RE/MAX office in South Africa since 2019. As a public speaker, he focuses on entrepreneurship, sales, and personal development, consistently inspiring others through his principles of servant leadership. Grant founded the Durban Entrepreneurs Club in 2015 and has been an active leader in the Entrepreneurs Organisation (EO), serving as a Regional Director in 2020. His book, "Thoughtonomy," challenges readers to confront limiting beliefs and pursue their full potential, reflecting his passion for personal growth and development.

Grant Gavin is a speaker, entrepreneur, coach, and author known for his success in the real estate industry and his influence as a leader. At 27, he acquired a controlling share in a family business and built it into a billion-rand residential property sales company, establishing the No. 1 RE/MAX office in South Africa since 2019. As a public speaker, he focuses on entrepreneurship, sales, and personal development, consistently inspiring others through his principles of servant leadership. Grant founded the Durban Entrepreneurs Club in 2015 and has been an active leader in the Entrepreneurs Organisation (EO), serving as a Regional Director in 2020. His book, "Thoughtonomy," challenges readers to confront limiting beliefs and pursue their full potential, reflecting his passion for personal growth and development.

15:00

Paper 001

From Departure to Development: Exploring and Reducing Migration Drivers Among South African Quantity Surveyors

Storm Abbott (NMU), Gerrit Crafford (NMU)

Abstract 

This paper aims to explore and address the factors driving the emigration of South African quantity surveyors, with the goal of developing strategies to mitigate these challenges and retain skilled professionals within the country. Utilising an interpretivist research paradigm, the study employed a qualitative methodology through narrative inquiry, conducting semi-structured interviews with South African quantity surveyors who have emigrated within the last ten years. Snowball sampling, a form of non-probability sampling, was utilised to recruit a total of 15 participants. The study identified key factors driving the emigration of South African quantity surveyors, including inadequate remuneration, limited career advancement, and political instability. Participants highlighted the significant impact of South Africa's political and professional landscape, with crime rates and poor pay further influencing their decisions. To address these issues, suggestions were made for policy reforms and improved professional development programs. These strategies could help reduce emigration and support the retention of skilled professionals, offering valuable insights for developing initiatives to combat brain drain in the quantity surveying profession. While the study identifies potential strategies to reduce these push factors, it also acknowledges limitations, including the challenges of scaling these strategies for broader applications. The practical implications of this research are significant for policymakers and professional organisations seeking to retain talent within the South African quantity surveying profession. By addressing these emigration drivers, the study offers actionable insights to counteract brain drain and enhance the sustainability of the profession in South Africa. This research fills a gap in the existing literature by providing a focused analysis of the emigration dynamics within this critical professional group and proposing tailored strategies for mitigation.

15:30

Paper 065 

The Impact of Quantity Surveyors in Projects Execution Among Small and Medium-sized Contractors in Namibia's Private Sector

Tinoapei Dhliwayo (NUST - Nam), Tafadzwa Makodza (NUST - Nam), Ringisai Dhliwayo (NUST - Nam), Trynos Gumbo (UJ)

Abstract 

This research paper aimed to assess the impact of quantity surveyors (QSs) on Small and Medium-sized Contractors (SMCs) projects in Namibia's private sector. Considering a myriad of challenges facing SMCs, the interventions of construction professionals like Quantity Surveyors (QSs) is undisputably pivotal. The study utilised a questionnaire survey to collect data from sixty-nine conveniently selected respondents comprising registered professional QSs and SMCs. The response rate was 64% and acceptable.The data was analysed by computing mean scores (MSs) and their ranking. The range of interpreting the 5-point Likert scale mean score was given as follows: MSs > 1.00 ≤ 1.79 (Very low contribution/impact), MSs > 1.80 ≤ 2.59 (Low contribution/impact), MSs >2.60 ≤ 3.39 (Moderate), MSs > 3.40 ≤ 4.19 (High contribution/impact) and MSs > 4.20 ≤ 5.00 (Very high contribution/impact). While the study found that QSs render key services to SMCs, such as cost estimation, project cost control, procurement of materials, and identification of financial and contractual risks, most SMCs in Namibia cannot afford the services of QSs due to financial constraints. Hence, the involvement of QSs on SMCs' private sector projects needs improvement. The small sample size and mono-method quantitative approach preclude the findings from being generalised. Hence, future research could adopt a mixed method approach and a larger sample size to improve data validity. Clients, SMCs and QSs could utilise the results to develop mechanisms entailing collaboration for effective project delivery in Namibia's private sector. There are limited studies on the subject matter within the Namibian context. Therefore, this groundbreaking study would enhance the participation of QSs on SMCs' private sector projects, consequently improving project delivery to private sector clients.

16:00

Paper 005 

Accounting for Security Expenses: A Built Environment Perspective

Zandré Lambrechts (NMU), Nishani Harinarain (NMU)

Abstract 

The construction industry in South Africa faces significant challenges concerning security, particularly in combating crime on construction sites. With a focus on using private security to mitigate crime risks, this study investigates security challenges in South African construction, focusing on how modern security costs are priced to enhance cost efficiency. During this qualitative study, eleven interviews were conducted with quantity surveyors, construction contractors, and private security professionals to gain insight into the challenges faced when accounting for security expenses in the South Africa construction industry. The data was thematically analysed to identify trends and themes. The findings highlight that quantity surveyors play a crucial role in managing security costs by integrating various security technologies with strategic planning. Their skill in incorporating security measures early into the budget and evaluating cost-benefit trade-offs ensures projects stay within financial limits while upholding strong security. This approach provides immediate and long-term cost savings and enhances the overall success and safety of construction projects. This paper provides valuable insights into how quantity surveyors can effectively manage security costs in construction projects by integrating advanced technologies and strategic planning, leading to cost savings and enhanced project safety.

16:30

Paper 055 

Assessing Sustainable Construction Competency Gaps Among Quantity Surveyors in Zimbabwe 

Rachael Kavukutu (UZ - Zim), Tirivavi Moyo (NMU), Tinoapei Dhliwayo (NUST - Nam)

Abstract 

This research aims to enhance the quantity surveyor's role in implementing sustainable construction practices by determining the required quantity surveyors' sustainable construction competencies and establishing the significant differences due to the type of organisation. A deductive approach was employed, utilising a structured questionnaire survey to gather quantitative data from quantity surveyors regarding the competencies necessary for sustainable construction and effective methods for their development. Census sampling was used to ensure comprehensive representation, achieving a response rate of 70.7%. The data were analysed using the Mann-Whitney U test and mean score calculations to identify significant differences in competencies across various organisational types. The results indicated that most quantity surveyors acknowledge the importance of sustainable construction. Key competencies identified include measurement and costing, sustainable materials and technology, value engineering, and building information modelling. The analysis also revealed a competence gap among different quantity surveyor designations, highlighting disparities in their ability to implement sustainable practices effectively. This study was limited to quantity surveyors in Zimbabwe consulting firms and contracting organisations. Future research could expand to include qualitative interviews and surveys with a broader range of construction stakeholders, including architects, engineers and project managers, to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the competencies needed for sustainable construction. The insights gained from this study can help quantity surveyors remain relevant in the evolving built environment. Policymakers may use these findings to develop targeted regulations and allocate resources to promote sustainable construction. Additionally, construction companies can enhance project efficiency and ensure regulatory compliance by integrating these essential sustainable practices into their operational frameworks. This study contributes valuable insights into the sustainable construction competencies required by quantity surveyors, thereby fostering improved implementation of sustainable practices within the industry.

18:00

Pre-Dinner Networking in the Foyer

18:30

Gala Dinner

Abdullah Verachia is a globally acclaimed strategist, advisor, and thought leader specialising in strategy, innovation, and disruption. He serves as the CEO of The Strategists, leading a team dedicated to helping organisations craft competitive future strategies. Abdullah is also a senior faculty member at GIBS, head of faculty for strategy, sustainability, and digital, and leads the Harvard Business School Senior Executive Programme for Africa. He has facilitated over 300 high-level strategy assignments for companies and governments worldwide, co-founded disruptive ventures, and played key roles in crafting economic strategies such as the 2017-2030 Gauteng Economic Development Strategy and the Mauritius Competitiveness Foresight Strategy. Abdullah is widely recognised for guiding organisations through complex and turbulent environments.

10:00

Paper 015

Evaluating Discrepancies Between Existing and Expected Sustainable Construction Competencies Among Namibian Quantity Surveyors: a Pilot Study

Moses Shitataala (NMU), Tirivavi Moyo (NMU), Roy Cumberlege (NMU)

Abstract 

This paper sought to determine the gap between the existing and expected sustainable construction competencies of quantity surveyors in Namibia to reveal interventions that include specialised training in sustainable construction competencies, integrating sustainability into education curricula, enhancing continuous professional development, and promoting green building certifications to align with international sustainability standards. The study employed a positivist philosophy, collecting data from 261 practising consultants and contractor quantity surveyors in Namibia through a pilot online questionnaire survey. The target population included quantity surveyors registered with the Institute of Namibian Quantity Surveyors and those working for construction companies registered with the Construction Industries Federation of Namibia, ensuring diverse perspectives. The study further utilised mean score and standard deviation and one sample T-test of means to determine the discrepancies between Namibian quantity surveyors' existing and expected sustainable construction competencies. A significant gap in knowledge related to sustainability-related competencies, life cycle costing, and energy efficiency among Namibian quantity surveyors was determined. There is also a notable deficiency in formal education and ongoing training in sustainability, which hinders the adoption of sustainable construction competencies by quantity surveyors in the Namibian construction industry. The limited availability of literature on the competencies of quantity surveyors concerning sustainable construction constrained the research scope and may affect the findings' generalisability. Additionally, while sufficient for exploratory analysis, the small sample size may not fully represent Namibia's entire population of quantity surveyors. The study recommends targeted training programs and continuous education to address the lack of sustainable construction competencies. Short-term life cycle costing, energy efficiency certifications, and sustainability-focused courses in quantity surveying education can help bridge the gap. These findings can also guide the construction industry's creation of sustainability-focused professional standards and policies. This research paper exposes the gaps between Namibian quantity surveyors' existing and expected sustainable construction competencies. This provides a foundation for policymakers and educators to develop targeted interventions that address the identified competency gaps.

10:30

Paper 083

Evaluating the Benefits of Virtual Reality Applications for Facilities Management in the Construction Industry

Oluwaseun Raimi (UJ), Babatunde Ogunbayo (UJ), Clinton Aigbavboa (UJ)

Abstract 

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the benefits of Virtual Reality (VR) applications for Facilities Management (FM) in the construction industry. The research focuses on the benefits of VR applications for FM in the construction industry. Using a random sampling technique, a field survey was conducted among construction professionals in Gauteng province, South Africa. Data was collected from 127 questionnaire responses and analysed using descriptive statistics to determine the mean item scores. The study findings align with existing empirical research on the benefits of VR applications for FM in the South African construction industry. The results identified and ranked several benefits, with the highest being technology-driven enterprises, cost and time savings, elimination of resource wastage, simulation of large-scale operations, increased inclusivity, improved user experience, digitalisation of FM workflows, and improved quality control. Design flexibility was ranked as the lowest benefit. This study was carried out based on the perspectives of the selected construction professionals in Gauteng, one of the Republic of South Africa's twelve provinces. However, the participating respondents in this study fairly represent construction professionals in the South African construction industry. The study indicates that understanding the benefits of VR applications for FM in the construction industry can potentially increase productivity in FM tasks. Based on mean scores from a five-point Likert scale, the top-ranked benefits include technology-driven enterprises and cost and time savings. These benefits can lead to lower costs and improved quality of FM services delivered promptly. This paper broadens the knowledge of VR applications for FM, a key part of construction management that aims to bridge the productivity gap. Understanding and leveraging the benefits of VR can drive innovation and foster sustainable growth in the construction industry. 

11:00

Paper 012

Effectiveness of the Risk Management Strategies Utilised by Quantity Surveyors in Namibia

Jenin Goagoses (NMU), Tirivavi Moyo (NMU)

Abstract 

The paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the risk management strategies utilised by quantity surveyors within contract administration in Namibia. It highlights the impact of poorly managed uncertainties on project outcomes. It intends to expose risk management strategies that significantly influence performance expectations of construction projects in Namibia from the perspective of client quantity surveyors. A positivist philosophy was instituted, and a questionnaire survey was deployed to all registered quantity surveyors firms in Namibia. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure the relationship and comment on the effectiveness of the strategies implemented to address the significant performance risks. The results revealed five significant relationships, with progress and technical meetings having the most significant positive impact on client satisfaction. The second most important relationship was between the provision of quality control in contract administration and safety obligations on construction sites. Most of the risk management strategies showed insignificant efficacy. The study's major limitation was a low response rate (34%). The findings identified that risk management strategies with insignificant efficacy need to be addressed by improving their implementation or identifying alternatives. A higher performance in project delivery would be ensured by improving risk management strategies like extension of time (EOT), which quantity surveyors in Namibian construction projects use. The study determines the efficacy of risk management strategies and presents risk evaluation as a continuous improvement process in contract administration. 

11:30

Tea/Coffee in the Foyer

12:00

Leadership Keynote Speaker: Lynette Ntuli 

Lynette Ntuli is the Founder and CEO of Innate Investment Solutions, a South Africa-based firm specialising in property, asset, and infrastructure development and management. With over 18 years of experience in the commercial built environment, she has held executive leadership positions across diverse sectors and is a non-executive director on various boards. Lynette was the first woman in Sub-Saharan Africa to be appointed as General Manager of a multi-billion-rand shopp005

ing centre (The Pavilion, 2008). She is an internationally recognised thought leader passionate about sustainability, inclusive socio-economic development, and the transformative power of technology. Lynette frequently delivers keynotes and moderates international forums, advocating for leadership, economic inclusion, entrepreneurship, and skills development across Sub-Saharan Africa.

13:00

Lunch

Lynette Ntuli is the Founder and CEO of Innate Investment Solutions, a South Africa-based firm specialising in property, asset, and infrastructure development and management. With over 18 years of experience in the commercial built environment, she has held executive leadership positions across diverse sectors and is a non-executive director on various boards. Lynette was the first woman in Sub-Saharan Africa to be appointed as General Manager of a multi-billion-rand shopp005

ing centre (The Pavilion, 2008). She is an internationally recognised thought leader passionate about sustainability, inclusive socio-economic development, and the transformative power of technology. Lynette frequently delivers keynotes and moderates international forums, advocating for leadership, economic inclusion, entrepreneurship, and skills development across Sub-Saharan Africa.

14:00

Paper 021

Building New Realities: Enhancing Quantity Surveying and Architectural Education Through Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Innovations in South Africa

Bogolo Ntombela (DUT), Mohohlo Tsoeu (DUT), Sandile Mhlungu (UJ)

Abstract 

This study aims to explore the effectiveness of augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) technologies in enhancing educational outcomes for Quantity Surveying (QS) and Architectural students. It assesses how these technologies improve learning and practical training that will yield work-ready graduates that the industry needs through improved conceptualisation of abstract concepts. This paper uses a systematic review methodology to examine empirical studies focused on AR and VR applications in educational settings within QS and Architectural disciplines. Papers were sourced from academic Google Scholar and research databases, with selection criteria emphasising studies that provide clear outcome measures and robust experimental designs. The findings reveal that AR and VR significantly boost spatial visualisation skills, enhance engagement and understanding of complex surveying data, and provide effective simulation environments that mimic real-world scenarios. Studies consistently show improved test scores and practical skills among students who used these technologies compared to traditional learning methods. While the results are promising, most studies suffer from small sample sizes and short-term implementation, which may not capture long-term learning outcomes and retention. There is also a variance in technology quality and instructional design, which can affect the generalizability of the results. Integrating AR and VR into Quantity Surveying education can lead to more dynamic and interactive learning experiences that are less constrained by physical and logistical limitations. Educational institutions should consider infrastructure and equipment investments and curriculum redesigns to incorporate these technologies effectively. This review provides a consolidated resource for educators and technologists interested in the potential of immersive technologies in educational settings. Most of the strategies and technologies are relevant to South Africa.

14:30

Paper 078

An Exploration of Challenges Affecting Women-Owned Professional Consulting Firms in the South African Built Environment

Msizi Myeza (CBE), Thandeka Makhathini (CBE), Sisa Jikeka (CBE)

Abstract 

Women in the built environment are underrepresented as professionals, senior leaders and entrepreneurs. There is plenteous research on challenges encountered by women contractors in the construction industry, however there is minimal research on challenges and constraints encountered by women professionals owning businesses in the built environment sector. This study examined the challenges affecting women-owned professional consulting firms and recommended strategies to support and improve the number of female-owned enterprises in the South African built environment sector. Data was collected from twenty-five purposively selected women owning professional consulting firms using semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis and Microsoft Excel were utilised to analyse the data. This research showed that women-owned professional consulting firms encounter multiple challenges and barriers, although they are all intensified. The leading barriers are the lack of effective legislation and policy to enforce gender-inclusive procurement. Other challenges include limited access to start-up capital, payment delays, limited access to infrastructure projects, restricted access to the market, and lack of business training, coaching, and mentorship. The study recommends that existing legislation be reviewed and amended to advance the economic empowerment of women-owned businesses operating in the built environment. In addition, it is crucial for the CBE, in partnership with the private sector, the Construction Industry Development Board and the Department of Small Businesses and Development, to develop an integrated strategy to support the diversification of women-owned businesses in the built environment. This research paper holds particular significance for policymakers, industry professionals, and stakeholders committed to advancing sustainability within the built environment industry.  

15:00

Paper 050

The Impact of the Black Economic Empowerment Policy on Emerging Contractors in South Africa

Cebile Silinda (UFS), Christopher Amoah (UFS)

Abstract 

The South African government has adopted several initiatives such as Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) in public procurement to encourage social equality and eliminate racial prejudice against the black community to improve them socio-economically. The study investigates the impact of the BEE policy on emerging contractors since its introduction. A quantitative approach was used to distribute questionnaires to 56 construction professionals using convenience sampling techniques, of which 37 responded. The data received were analysed using SPSS to derive the mean values. The findings show that BEE policy is riddled with corruption. However, BEE has transformed emerging contractors socio-economically. This demonstrates that despite the implementation issues of the BEE policy, it provides contractors with opportunities. Despite the successes of the BEE policy, corruption challenges negatively impact the public procurement of emerging contractors in South Africa. Thus, for corruption to be eradicated, transparency should be improved in contractor appointments. The paper has identified the successes and challenges of the BEE policy, which may guide policy direction for policy implementers.

15:30

Pre-Prize Giving Networking in the Foyer

16:00

Prize Giving and Farewell

11:00

Paper 071 

Analysing the Obstacles to the Adoption of Green Building Technologies: a Quantitative Analysis

Lesiba Mollo (CUT)

Abstract 

Green building technologies (GBTs) play a critical role in reducing energy consumption, preserving resources, and improving the environmental state of buildings. This paper aims to evaluate the obstacles preventing GBTs from being widely used. This study adopted a quantitative research technique. The data was collected using a closed-ended survey questionnaire among construction professionals in the Free State Province of South Africa. The study discovered that the main obstacles preventing the adoption of GBTs are those linked to economic, technological, knowledge-based, political, and time-related. Furthermore, the GBT adoption strategy was developed with the recognition of the obstacles to GBT adoption in mind. The GBT adoption strategy aims to lay forth a plan for GBT adoption in the construction industry. The survey's use imposes several limitations on the study. For example, the survey results only apply to one of the nine provinces that make up South Africa. Also, the proposed GBT adoption strategy has not been tested on an actual construction project. This study offers valuable perspectives for formulating the GBT adoption strategy for improving the adoption of GBTs in the South African construction companies' efforts towards fostering sustainability.

11:30

Paper 008

Driving Digital Transformation in Quantity Surveying: Objectives, Technological Enablers, and Leadership Dynamics

Lisakhanya Bukula (NMU), Kristel Van Der Merwe (NMU), Gerrit Crafford (NMU)

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to explore the digital transformation (DX) journey within quantity surveying firms, focusing on the objectives driving these initiatives, the technological enablers facilitating the transformation, and the crucial role of leadership in ensuring successful implementation. As the construction industry undergoes rapid digitalisation, quantity surveying firms must adapt to maintain competitiveness and relevance in a changing market. This research employs a qualitative methodology, utilising semi-structured interviews with eight quantity surveyors actively engaged in digital transformation within their firms. Thematic analysis was used to identify key themes related to the objectives, enablers, and leadership roles in DX. The study's scope primarily focuses on the South African context, considering the unique challenges and opportunities faced by firms in this region. The findings reveal that while digital transformation is generally understood as the shift from manual to digital processes, practitioners have no universally agreed-upon definition. The study highlights the importance of aligning with global trends, improving operational efficiency, and enhancing collaboration as primary objectives of DX. Technological enablers such as Building Information Modelling (BIM), cloud computing, and advanced project management software are identified as critical to this process. Furthermore, the research underscores the pivotal role of leadership in guiding firms through digital transformation, with effective leaders championing digital initiatives and fostering a culture of innovation. The practical implications are significant. The findings presented here are designed to offer practical insights for industry professionals and academic researchers alike, providing a roadmap for future digital transformation efforts. The originality of this paper lies in its comprehensive examination of the interplay between digital transformation objectives, technological enablers, and leadership within quantity surveying firms. It provides valuable insights for industry professionals and academic researchers focused on digitalisation in the construction industry.

12:00

Paper 044

An Evaluation of the Associated Challenges of Photovoltaic Systems in Residential Units in South Africa

Tafadzwa Chapara (UCT), Rolien Terblanche (UCT)

Abstract 

In South Africa, the surge in the adoption of solar home systems, driven by frequent load shedding, has resulted in an influx of companies engaged in the sales and installation of these systems. A notable challenge has emerged as varying lifetimes of solar home systems among different installation companies indicate potential quality issues. The main challenges in the operability of solar home systems stem from two primary issues: incorrect design and installation and system reliability. These issues are primarily caused by inaccurate load estimation and limited expertise in solar power systems. The study aims to determine the challenges homeowners face owning solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in residential settings across South Africa. The study aims to interview nine homeowners with a PV system and includes responses from two individuals who completed questionnaires. The data will be analysed using thematic analysis to generate theory-building findings. Semi-structured open-ended questions were asked. The study found several key challenges faced by residential solar system owners in South Africa. Installation and setup difficulties are prevalent, with many systems being installed incorrectly and not optimised, leading to excessive reliance on the grid. Technical and equipment issues further impact system performance. Other challenges are financial and operational, user experience and understanding, support, and service. A small sample and an interpretivistic philosophy limit this study. Future studies should focus on testing a larger number of systems regarding reliability and cost-benefit. Understanding the unique challenges and reliability issues solar adoption presents in this context can pave the way for tailored policies and initiatives. Addressing the challenges of solar systems contributes to the shift from traditional energy practices, and this evolution is essential for modernising residential energy solutions. Finally, if reliability is addressed, then the cost-benefit could be a more accurate calculation, which is essential in the QS profession. While the benefits of solar panels are well known, it is unknown if the installed systems are living up to the desired practical and cost-saving expectations due to the lack of experts in the field.

12:30

Paper 004 

Evaluation of the Circular Construction Knowledge From Quantity Surveyor's Viewpoint

Rotondwa Nemakhavhani (CUT), Josephine Dzansi (CUT), Thabo Khafiso (CUT)

Abstract 

Within the construction industry, the transition to circular construction practices represents an event of significance aimed at reducing waste, increasing resource efficiency, and encouraging the design of buildings for longer lifespans, reuse, and recycling, thereby fostering a more sustainable built environment. This study investigates the role of quantity surveyors in implementing sustainable practices within the construction industry, with a specific focus on their competence and knowledge related to circular construction practices. Employing a qualitative research design, the study conducted semi-structured interviews with quantity surveyors to gather insights into their understanding and application of circular building concepts. The data was analysed thematically to identify trends and perceptions. Findings reveal a significant gap in quantity surveyors' awareness and utilisation of circular building techniques. Despite recognising such practices' environmental and economic benefits, a lack of specific expertise limits their widespread adoption. The study is limited by its qualitative nature, which may not capture the quantitative aspects of knowledge gaps and implementation barriers. However, it provides foundational insights into quantity surveyors' educational and professional development needs. To address these gaps, the study advocates for targeted training programs and government initiatives to enhance quantity surveyors' expertise in circular construction methods. Enhancing their competencies is essential for promoting sustainable practices in the construction industry. The study underscores the pivotal role of quantity surveyors at the intersection of tradition and innovation in construction. By equipping them with the necessary skills to implement circular building practices, they can lead the sector towards a sustainable and economically viable future, aligning with the conference's theme of disrupting traditional professional methods.

13:00

Lunch

15:00

Paper 030

Factors Hindering the Incorporation of Biophilic Design into Hospitals Within the South African Private Sector 

Michael-John Dalhouzie (Wits), Mswati Masina (Wits), Bonolo Mathipa (Wits), Rolien Terblanche (Wits & UCT)

Abstract 

Over the past decade, biophilic design has gained popularity as a sustainable approach to enhancing the health and well-being of building occupants in response to growing environmental and health concerns. However, doubts and controversies still surround the conceptualisation and implementation of 'nature' in research and practice. Notwithstanding ongoing research into biophilic design, there is still only a diminutive amount of information pertaining to the concept. Despite the necessity of biophilic design as part of buildings to create a healthy human environment for humans, hospitals seem to lack this vital aspect. The research aims to uncover the specific factors hindering the adoption of biophilic design elements in hospital environments. An interpretivist inductive approach was followed. This approach allowed for the exploration of unique dynamics and complexities within the South African private hospital sector that influence the incorporation of biophilic design. Three semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were conducted with architects and designers with experience in hospital design. The findings indicate a noticeable increase in awareness among stakeholders regarding biophilic design. The requirement for specialised knowledge and expertise, maintenance concerns, financial implications, insufficient education about biophilic design, inadequate guidance from green building frameworks, and hygiene considerations within hospital settings were barriers identified to impede the successful implementation of biophilic design strategies. The small sample limits the generalisability of the findings; however, the study created a foundation for further research in this area. Each of the findings can be further unboxed in detail. A qualitative theory testing study with a larger sample could also benefit the future study. This study provides insight and recommendations to construction industry professionals, such as quantity surveyors and hospital stakeholders, to promote the integration of biophilic design. Overcoming the barriers and incorporating biophilic design represents an essential shift from traditional hospital design practices to modernised and improved healthcare. Understanding the benefits of biophilic design in hospitals and the barriers to it.

15:30

Paper 048

Optimising Dispute Resolution Efficiency and Affordability in South Africa's Construction Sector:  a Quantity Surveyor's Perspective

Babalo Maqhutyana (NMU), Roy Cumberlege (NMU), Tirivavi Moyo (NMU)

Abstract 

The primary objective of this paper is to interrogate the efficiency and affordability of dispute resolution methods in the context of the South African construction industry. A positivist philosophical view was employed through an online questionnaire survey distributed amongst professional quantity surveyors to investigate the cost-effectiveness of established dispute resolution methods. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilised. Quantity surveying professionals' favour and find arbitration the most efficient approach for resolving disputes. The results also suggest that dispute review boards are the most economical method for dispute resolution. Therefore, the original hypothesis, which suggested mediation as the most cost-effective method, was not supported. The study's exclusive emphasis on registered professional quantity surveyors may restrict the applicability of the results to the wider construction sector. It does not encompass the viewpoints of other key stakeholders, such as contractors, architects, or legal experts. The research offers valuable guidance to quantity surveying professionals. It provides insights as it indicates the most cost-efficient dispute resolution method, aiding industry practitioners in making informed choices on managing and resolving construction disputes more efficiently and cost-effectively. This paper offers insights into the most efficient and affordable dispute resolution methods based on the viewpoint of quantity surveying professionals for implementation in potential disputes.

16:00

Paper 054

Examining the Implementation of Labour-only Construction Contracts to Bolster Project Execution Within Zimbabwe's Hyperinflationary Context

Mejury Mutsago (UZ - Zim), Tinoapei Dhliwayo (NUST - Nam), Tirivavi Moyo (NMU)

Abstract 

This study aims to assess the constraints and strategies for effectively adopting labour-only construction contracts to enhance project delivery in Zimbabwe's hyperinflationary economy. This was prompted by the failure of contractors to complete construction projects promptly within Zimbabwe's hyperinflationary environment. A questionnaire survey was employed to collect quantitative data from 130 randomly selected respondents comprising registered professional quantity surveyors, engineers, architects, and project managers in Zimbabwe. The data was analysed using mean scores and their ranking. The study identified late delivery of construction materials, longer construction periods and reduced contractor's profit as major constraints of effective adoption of labour-only contracts. Further, the findings revealed five key strategies for effectively adopting labour-only contracts in Zimbabwe: subcontracting to smaller construction companies, production output-based remuneration as opposed to hourly-based remuneration, use of efficient modern construction methods and payment of contractors using stable currencies. Further, labour-only contracts should be augmented by a vibrant procurement team facilitating quick planning and decision-making. The Zimbabwean setting from which the data was collected and the mono-method quantitative approach could limit the generalisability of the findings to other settings due to contextual differences and lack of triangulation of findings. Employing the identified strategies for adopting labour-only contracts mitigates contractors' financial risks during hyperinflation, thus reducing project cost overruns and ensuring that projects are completed promptly. There is a paucity of literature on the strategies for effectively adopting labour-only construction contracts within the Zimbabwean context. Hence, the findings will assist construction industry stakeholders in effectively adopting labour-only contracts to enhance effective project delivery during a hyperinflation environment in Zimbabwe and similar contexts.

16:30

Paper 066

The Application of Cyber-physical Systems Towards Improved Project Outcomes: an Industry Perspective

K’homotho Nester Mokhojane (CUT), Mahlodi Lekoana (CUT), Fidelis Emuze (CUT)

Abstract

This research paper examines the impact of digitalisation, particularly Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), on construction projects to improve project outcomes. Its main aim is to clarify the concept of CPS and investigate how it is used in the design and construction stages, towards efficient project delivery and reduced waste. The study also aims to identify the challenges of implementing CPS and the advantages of its adoption. The research uses a single-method qualitative approach, focusing on detailed interviews and a thorough review of pertinent literature. Data is gathered from professionally registered industry professionals who hold managerial positions. This qualitative analysis investigates the concept of CPS and its possible applications in design and construction, providing valuable insights into the participants' experiences and viewpoints. The research highlights that CPS can potentially transform the construction industry significantly. Qualitative analysis identifies financial limitations, skill shortages, and data security issues. However, the advantages of adopting CPS, such as enhanced productivity, reduced design fragmentation, shorter construction times, and better quality clearly surpass these challenges. There is an acknowledgement that using a single-method qualitative approach may restrict the generalizability of the findings, as they are specific to the given context. Additionally, there may be potential bias in the participants' responses. This research provides valuable, context-specific insights for construction professionals, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. It highlights the need to invest in CPS and develop a skilled workforce to realise its transformative potential fully. The quantity surveying profession can utilise CPS to improve cost control and management by tackling the challenges and maximising the benefits. This paper contributes to the existing knowledge by offering an in-depth understanding of CPS within the construction industry based on a single-method qualitative approach. It serves as a key reference for those exploring the potential effects of CPS on construction and design in the South African context. Furthermore, there is a focus on the positives derived from CPS that the quantity surveying profession, in particular, can benefit.

10:00

Paper 038

The Effects of Late Payments by Government on Building Contractors in South Africa

Zhane Piliso (NMU), Roy Cumberlege (NMU)

Abstract 

The purpose of this paper is to communicate the effect of late payments by the client on building contractors and the effect it has on their businesses. The study, therefore examined the experiences of building contractors in the Eastern Cape. An online survey was conducted based on the effects of late payments by the government on building contractors in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. The population for this study consisted of building contractor members of the East Cape Masters Builders Association (ECMBA). The research approach adopted was deductive and entailed quantitative research to determine and analyse building contractors' operational dynamics. The results suggest that many issues, including inadequate client finance, prolonged processing time for payment documentation, and non-standard payment methods, lead to delayed payments to contractors. The findings of the empirical study showed that, despite the lack of particular laws or regulations governing the construction industry's payment systems, the sector nonetheless uses several common guidelines to guide payment practices. The research focused on the views of the contractors in the built environment within the Eastern Cape Province. The views of labour and other role-players were not considered. Improper payment methods, such as using contractors' funds for capital for construction and then claiming, severely impact the construction industry. Long payment processes additionally compel consultants to evaluate contractors' payment claims carefully. Any disruption in cash flow can induce a contractor's bankruptcy. The research found that work delays are common in the construction industry. The pay-if-paid system can be problematic for contractors because they may not always receive full payment if a project is incomplete or defective. Any interruption in the contractor's income could lead to their bankruptcy. Late payments can lead to conflicts between the contractor and other service providers. Tensions between parties could lead to negative consequences such as reduced productivity, work completion delays, and more late payments.

10:30

Paper 047

Assessing the Critical Causes of Construction Contracts Misinterpretation Among Small and Medium Enterprise Contractors

Khaya Rols (NMU), Roy Cumberlege (NMU), Tirivavi Moyo (NMU)

Abstract 

The research paper aims to explore the causes of contract misinterpretation by small and medium enterprise (SME) contractors and to identify the construction contracts most likely to have readability difficulties. An online survey was conducted based on the readability of construction contracts and the causes thereof on SME contractors. The target population for this study was SME contractors residing in Gqeberha, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the common causes of misinterpretation of construction contracts. In addition, the level of knowledge, experience, and interpretation SME contractors have when it comes to construction contracts used in South Africa was investigated. The results showed that the use of complex words, the same word in clauses with different meanings, and the lack of training in construction contracts were critical causes of misinterpretation. The results further indicated that the JBCC PBA, the most frequently used construction contract, required remedial action to enhance interpretation.The low responses were a limitation, however, the exploratory nature of the study supports the validity of the initial findings. Contract misinterpretation is one of the main causes that can lead to disputes on construction projects. Awareness of contract training must be raised among SMEs. Construction contracts must be written in simple terms, with less cross-references and complex sentence structuring, to increase contract readability and reduce misinterpretations leading to disputes. The results of this paper indicated that Eastern Cape SME contractors likely face constraints on their projects due to their failure to interpret and comprehend clauses in construction contracts. This emphasises the need for contract training among SMEs.

11:00

Paper 076

Adoption of Life Cycle Costing as a Tool in Attaining Best Value: the Namibian Construction Projects' Experience  

Ringisai Dhliwayo (NUST - Nam), Tinoapei Dhilwayo (NUST - Nam), Kahilu Kajimo-Shakantu (UFS), Future Nujoma (NUST - Nam) 

Abstract 

Life cycle costing adoption in Namibia seems limited as characterised by poor maintenance and operation of buildings. The study investigates the extent of adopting the life cycle costing to attain the best value for construction projects in developing countries. A quantitative approach was utilised to administer 45 questionnaires to registered architects, engineers, and quantity surveyors randomly sampled in Namibia, and 27 valid responses were received. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and correlation analysis to determine the extent of adoption of Life cycle costing. The results indicate that life cycle costing is sometimes adopted for construction projects for best value achievement. The study also found that the proposed measures are moderately effective in increasing the uptake of Life cycle costing on construction projects in Namibia. The study considered Namibia only, limiting the generalizability of the findings to all developing countries. Research should focus on the perceptions of quantity surveyors in other developing countries to obtain a holistic view of the extent of adoption of life cycle costing in other contexts. The study is important to governments, private clients, and professionals for policy reforms, improved project execution principles, and benchmarking of projects for best-value achievement. Life cycle costing has received less attention from the academic side, and this study will generate information regarding the extent of adoption and expected effects of LCC in achieving the best value in the Namibian construction sector. 

13:00

Lunch

14:00

Paper 033

Navigating the Future of Quantity Surveying in South Africa: The Challenges and Benefits of Integrating Artificial Intelligence into the Quantity Surveying Profession

Nana Gyadu-Asiedu (UJ), Clinton Aigbavboa (UJ), Lerato Aghimien (UJ)

Abstract 

This study explores the challenges and benefits of integrating AI into the QS profession, thus enabling quantity surveyors to better manage cost and project lifecycle and focus on strategic, value-adding activities, a shift from traditional methods towards modernising the profession. The study presents a literature review and subsequent empirical findings by conducting a quantitative analysis based on primary data from quantity surveyors working in Gauteng via a structured questionnaire design. The questionnaires were circulated to about 130 quantity surveyors in Gauteng, selected through convenience sampling. About 70 of the responses were received, and the findings were analysed. The findings reveal that the benefits of AI integration into the QS Profession include faster data processing, improved client satisfaction, and automation of repetitive tasks. Challenges involve resistance to change, high implementation costs, a skills gap, and a lack of local AI solutions tailored to South Africa. This study's focus on AI integration in the QS Profession in South Africa may have overlooked the broader global trends; however, global trends are drawn upon in the conceptualisation and writing of the paper. The rapid evolution of technology might outpace the study's findings, emphasising the need for ongoing research to continuously update and validate the proposed strategies. The study highlights digital disruption in quantity surveying, providing insights for South African QS practitioners and stakeholders to leverage advanced technologies. It reveals the transformative impact of AI on efficiency, innovation, and growth, offering practical strategies for policymakers to mitigate integration challenges and ensure sustainable integration in the construction industry. The paper enriches the conference theme by revealing how AI can revolutionise the QS Profession in South Africa. It offers a forward-looking perspective essential for the profession's adaptation to digital transformation and technological integration.

14:30

Paper 007

An Evaluation Into the Challenges of the Maintenance Management and Operation: a Case of Eskom Distribution in Limpopo Province, South Africa

Aaron Khumbane (Wits), Rolien Terblanche (Wits & UCT)

Abstract 

The purpose is to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of maintenance management of Eskom electrical distribution and how load shedding and the unbundling of Eskom affect the maintenance performance and effectiveness of the power distribution network. Additionally, the paper aims to answer the sub-question: 'How does load shedding impact the maintenance management and operation of the power distribution network?' The objective is to recommend maintenance management and operation strategies that address these challenges to achieve optimal system performance and improve the distribution network and associated assets. The study used an online quantitative questionnaire survey. The 183 target population of this study are middle managers, line managers, engineers, advisors, supervisors and technicians involved in the maintenance and operation. Ninety-eight usable data sets were obtained, representing a 54% response rate. The study analysed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software. The research study identifies key challenges such as budget and resource limitations, skilled staff shortages, communication and prioritisation issues, and infrastructure and equipment problems, recommending increased investment in preventive maintenance, enhanced training, improved communication, and strategic planning to optimise operational efficiency and reliability. Load shedding and the unbundling of Eskom affect the power distribution network's performance and effectiveness. Maintenance management and operation also form part of the challenge to achieve good systems and improve the distribution network's performance and associated assets. The research study might apply to the departments responsible for maintaining assets in the public and private sectors. This research's importance lies in its potential to support and propel the adoption of performance-based management principles from an academic standpoint.

15:00

Paper 064

Effective Strategies for Advancing Sustainable Construction in South Africa: the Issue of Leadership

 Zanele Matsane (UJ), Lebogang Mphela (UJ)

 Abstract 

This research analyses the impact of leadership on the gradual implementation of sustainable construction (SC) methods in South Africa. The study first sought to gather and analyse data on the status of SC adoption in South Africa; nevertheless, a reoccurring theme of leadership surfaced during data analysis, necessitating a more thorough examination of its influence. As a result, this study examines the ambiguous leadership roles of key stakeholders—clients, contractors, and professional teams—and their impact on the slow adoption of SC innovations. A qualitative case study methodology was utilised, employing purposive sampling to select 34 industry professionals for semi-structured interviews across six construction projects in three South African cities. Thematic analysis indicated that although professional teams have the requisite technical expertise to spearhead SC initiatives, their efficacy is frequently compromised by clients' financial management and the operational difficulties encountered by contractors. The absence of government incentives and well-defined regulatory frameworks intensifies these delays. The findings highlight the necessity for a unified leadership framework that distinctly defines responsibilities and authority among all stakeholders to successfully tackle challenges to SC implementation. Future research should investigate the professional team's hesitance to embrace leadership, concentrating on whether training, incentives, or more robust governmental mandates could augment their participation in SC. Comparative investigations from different nations may yield insights into overcoming current barriers in SC adoption. By emphasising the essential role of robust, transparent and collaborative leadership, this research aims to contribute to a more integrated and successful adoption of sustainable practices in the construction industry.

11:00

Paper 009

Quantity Surveying Lecturers' Insights into Student Engagement Dynamics

Gerrit Crafford (SU & NMU), Liezel Frick (SU)

Abstract 

This study investigates the factors influencing student engagement in higher education, focusing on lecturers in the Bachelor of Science (Quantity Surveying) Honours program at Nelson Mandela University, South Africa. The research aims to construct a Systems Influence Diagram (SID) that encapsulates the perspectives of Quantity Surveying lecturers regarding key drivers of student engagement, which is essential for academic success and persistence. The objectives include identifying primary engagement drivers and exploring their interconnections as perceived by the lecturers. The study uses an interpretivist paradigm to capture participants' subjective experiences through a qualitative design. Data were collected via focus group discussions and individual interviews, combining inductive and deductive reasoning to develop a comprehensive understanding of student engagement dynamics. An Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA) approach was central to creating the SID, visually representing the various influences. The study identified 37 factors grouped into seven thematic categories: departmental influences, external factors, group dynamics, lecturer characteristics, motivation, personal attributes, and skills. The SID highlighted departmental influences as the primary driver, with lecturer characteristics, external factors, and personal attributes as secondary contributors. These findings were confirmed through semi-structured interviews, reinforcing the multidimensional nature of student engagement, shaped by institutional structures, lecturer interactions, and individual student attributes. The study's small sample size may limit the generalizability of the findings. The practical implications suggest a collaborative approach involving departments, lecturers, and students, supported by external policies, to foster an engaging educational environment. Such a holistic strategy can enhance student attentiveness, motivation, and participation, leading to improved academic outcomes. This paper introduces a SID to highlight the key role of departmental leadership in driving student engagement in Quantity Surveying education. It advocates for holistic strategies integrating institutional and external support, aligning with the conference theme and offering practical solutions for adapting QS education to future challenges.

11:30

Paper 086

Implementing Education 5.0 in the AEC Field: a Living Lab Approach Based on the Quintuple Helix Model

Rudzani Muthelo (TUT), Molebogeng Mogalanyane (TUT)

Abstract 

The global interest in pursuing sustainable development goals has led to various innovations in different industries. Undoubtedly, the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) field and technology are complementary in nature and have to grow hand in hand. Education 5.0 represents a paradigm shift in educational practices by seeking to achieve holistic learning by integrating emerging technologies, real-world applications and collaborating with industry stakeholders. In spite of the fact that there is a fair amount of literature on Education 5.0, limited research has been conducted on effective pedagogies for its implementation. Therefore, the current study explores the implementation of Education 5.0 using the living lab approach from a quintuple helix perspective. In this study, a narrative literature review was conducted using a conceptual analytical approach to assess the compatibility between Education 5.0 and living labs and its potential to guide this integration with the quintuple helix model. One limitation of the narrative method is its lack of systematic rigour compared to other methods. Living labs can provide an authentic and rich environment in which innovations, technologies, and viable solutions to societal problems can be developed and co-created. Based on the quintuple helix model, the study concludes that the living lab approach represents a paradigm shift in implementing Education 5.0 in the AEC field. Further, higher education institutions should prioritise the development of living lab environments to foster the collaboration and innovation essential to Education 5.0. This study offers insight into implementing Education 5.0 in the AEC field using the living lab concept that fosters innovative, collaborative, and sustainable educational practice approaches.

12:00

Paper 023

Promoting Construction Education in South Africa: a Single Case Study of the DSI/NRF Research Chair

Clinton Aigbavboa (UJ & CIDB - CESHSCRC), Fortune Aigbe (UJ & CIDB - CESHSCRC)

Abstract 

The importance of construction education cannot be overemphasised in the South African construction industry. Continuous education, training and learning are of great necessity to young construction professionals. Using a case study approach, this study aims to examine the research boot camp organised by the DSI/NRF Research Chair in Sustainable Construction Management and Leadership in the Built Environment. The study reveals a diverse racial composition of the research bootcamp comprising various young professionals from countries like South Africa, Nigeria, Ghana, and others. The boot camp taught participants both hard and soft skills related to research skills, data analysis, language familiarity with academic software, subject matter expertise, time management, and emotional intelligence. Furthermore, the research boot camp aligns with the Africa Agenda 2063, the National development plans of South Africa, and the Sustainable Development Goals 4,5 and 10. This study is important in understanding the competitive advantage the construction industry can gain and the sustainability it can achieve by developing young professional's competencies. There is a need for the construction industry to be involved in supporting more of this research boot camp to foster self-actualisation, engagement, and resilience and help young professionals stay abreast of the latest developments in the industry. Also, there is a need for more of this approach to learning and training across race and gender, which is supported and promoted by the construction industry in line with the Skill Financing Act. This study aligns with the conference's skill development and human resource management theme.

12:30

Paper 014

Stressors of Quantity Surveyors in the Eastern Cape

Aimeé Vos (NMU), Tirivavi Moyo (NMU)

Abstract 

The purpose of this study was to investigate the stressors affecting professional registered quantity surveyors in the Eastern Cape, a group playing a vital role in the construction industry. The construction sector is renowned for its inherent stressors, making it essential to understand what stressors affect quantity surveyors. A qualitative study grounded in the interpretivism philosophy was conducted to achieve the study's objective, employing narrative inquiry as the primary methodology. Through face-to-face meetings with semi-structured interviews, the data collected were thematically analysed to identify key patterns and themes within participants' narratives, using a cross-sectional time horizon to capture insights at a single point in time. The findings indicate that quantity surveyors in the Eastern Cape face a high level of stress due to factors such as inflexible project deadlines, elevated client expectations, and financial pressures. Three overarching themes emerged: Task-related stressors, personal stressors, and practice-related stressors. There was a lack of previous studies on quantity surveyors' stressors. This study is limited in that it only intends to conduct interviews with quantity surveyors from consulting firms. These stressors extend beyond their professional lives, significantly impacting their personal and external well-being. Future longitudinal studies are recommended to understand better how these stressors evolve and their lasting effects on quantity surveyors. Recognising these challenges, industry stakeholders can take steps to support quantity surveyors in managing stress, potentially enhancing their overall well-being and job satisfaction. This research offers valuable insights that can inform strategies for promoting mental health and work-life balance among quantity surveyors, ultimately benefitting both the individuals and the construction industry.

13:00

Lunch

15:00

Paper 072

Evaluating the Effects of Health and Safety Strategies on Social Sustainability in the Namibian Construction Industry

Tinoapei Dhliwayo (NUST - NA), Ringisai Dhliwayo (NUST - NA), Andreas Shilamba (NUST - Nam), Trynos Gumbo (UJ)

Abstract

This research paper aims to evaluate the effects of health and safety (H&S) strategies on social sustainability on construction sites in Namibia. Social sustainability has currently received little attention in the construction industry despite its importance as one of the dimensions of sustainable development. A self-administered questionnaire survey was employed to gather data from Small and Medium-sized Contractors (SMCs), professional architects and quantity surveyors. The data was analysed by computing mean scores (MSs) and their ranking. The mean scores of a 5-point Likert scale were interpreted as MSs>1.00 ≤ 1.79 (Very low impact), MSs > 1.80 ≤ 2.59 (Low impact), MSs > 2.60 ≤ 3.39 (Moderate), MSs > 3.40 ≤ 4.19 (High impact) and MSs>4.20≤ 5.00 (Very high impact). The results of the study found that the H&S strategies implemented by most SMCs in Namibia highly influence most dimensions of social sustainability, such as improved company image, increased competitive advantage, improved employee satisfaction, improved employee/worker's health, improved gender equality, cost savings and increased productivity, as evidenced by mean scores within the point range of MSs > 3.40 ≤ 4.19 (high impact) and MSs > 4.20 ≤ 5.00 (very high impact). Even though the sample size and the mono-method quantitative approach adopted for the study provide valuable insights, they preclude the findings from being generalised without caution. The study results assist the construction stakeholders in strengthening the implementation of the identified H&S strategies to enhance social sustainability within the construction industry. There are limited studies evaluating the effects of H&S strategies on social sustainability within the Namibian construction industry. The findings could be utilised by key stakeholders in the construction industry to promote social sustainability, which is critical to employees' well-being.

15:30

Paper 020

The Impact of Load Shedding on Bulk Water Supply to Metro Municipalities: a Case Study of the Water Sector in Gauteng Province, South Africa

Namhla Rulumeni (Wits), Rolien Terblanche (Wits & UCT)

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of load shedding on the water sector in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Using an inductive, qualitative approach, a case study was conducted to explore the impact of load shedding on a Bulk Water supply organisation. Five (5) respondents from the Operations Department who participated in the study were purposively sampled, and semi-structured interviews were conducted. Ethical considerations, including consent and confidentiality, were ensured. The analysis identified key themes from the data, offering insights into operational challenges and social dynamics related to water supply management during power disruptions. It was found that water extraction is relatively resilient, and secondary and tertiary stations face significant challenges due to reliance on electricity. Manual interventions and backup generators introduce inefficiencies and additional costs. Socio-economic impacts are notable, particularly for Tertiary stations and low-income communities. Effective mitigation requires robust infrastructure, comprehensive protection frameworks, and exploration of alternative energy sources. The study focused on the Gauteng province impact of load shedding in the water sector, specifically focusing on bulk water distribution from extraction at the Vaal dam and distribution to the  Reservoirs of respective Metro Municipalities. The study provides awareness of challenges caused by power disruptions in the water sector and further enhances the interdependencies between water and power supply. This study offers insights for Bulk Water Stakeholders on mitigating load-shedding impacts through renewable energy solutions and influencing integrated energy-water policy development at the national level.

16:00

Paper 081

Exploring the Use of Cloud Computing Technology in Construction Bid Automation

Oscar Kwasafo (Wits), Samuel Laryea (Wits)

Abstract 

The purpose of the study was to explore the use of cloud computing technology (CCT) in construction bid automation by examining the benefits and challenges of its adoption in automation. The specific objectives were to outline the benefits of CCT in automated bid preparation through improved data management and to identify the challenges associated with using cloud computing in automated bid preparation. A systematic literature review of 32 relevant studies was used to gather the current knowledge on cloud computing in the construction industry from the literature. Key highlights of the findings indicate five key benefits of cloud computing such as massive storage capability, economic benefits, on-demand scalability of computing resources, facilitating collaborative practice, and a secured platform that will improve data management and enable seamless and effective automation integration into construction bid preparation using appropriate emerging technology. However, challenges like latency issues, trust, data privacy and security, data availability and governance impede its wide adoption. This paper brings novel knowledge, such as using cloud computing to enable automation integration in construction bid preparation. The paper also identifies some benefits of CCT in construction bid automation and discusses the challenges.

16:30

Paper 068 

Micro Quantity Surveying Enterprise Growth Stage Model: a South African Perspective

Pierre Oosthuizen (UFS), Kahilu Kajimo-Shakantu (UFS), Gerrit Crafford (NMU)

Abstract 

As businesses expand and evolve, their focus naturally shifts towards enhancing efficiency, lowering costs, and improving customer satisfaction. Growth stage models (GSM) are essential for micro-QS enterprises to understand their market position, develop growth strategies, and forecast future movements. This study aims to delineate a GSM specifically for micro-QS startup enterprises within the unique South African built environment. This study adopted an emic epistemological inductive philosophical approach to comprehend the phenomena associated with the evolution of micro-QS enterprises in South Africa. "One-on-one" semi-structured interviews were conducted with micro-QS enterprise owners. The conversations were recorded, documented, and the findings were summarised. Unique circumstances, world views, and perspectives necessitated a qualitative narrative and content analysis.The literature review and interviews revealed that micro-QS enterprises face unique external environmental challenges that directly impact their growth. While the literature suggests four to six growth stages for startup businesses, it was found that micro-QS enterprises might experience only three growth stages: initial growth, consolidated growth, and maturity. The study realised that growth stages are not linear and can vary significantly based on external factors, personal decisions, and the broader economic environment. The study concludes that micro-QS enterprises in South Africa operate in a highly volatile environment, requiring adaptability, strong professional networks, and a balance between personal and professional goals. The scope of this study is limited to micro quantity surveying enterprises in South Africa in 2024. It is also subject to the limitations of the research design, particularly concerning the responses from the interviewees. This study enhances operational business intelligence for micro-QS enterprises regarding situational awareness, management, predictions, and planning. Growth stage knowledge adds value to public and private stakeholders in the South African built environment. Identifying a GSM for micro-QS enterprises is unique in South Africa and fills a valuable gap in tracking development from startup to maturity.

10:00

Paper 084 

Building Maintenance Technologies and Barriers to Adoption Among South African Construction Professionals

Xiluva Shivambu (TUT), Justus Agumba (TUT), Oluseyi Adebowale (TUT)

Abstract 

The effective maintenance of buildings is crucial for extending their lifespan and optimising performance. With the increasing complexity of building systems and the potential benefits of technology, this study's objectives are to identify the types of building maintenance technologies employed in South Africa and the primary barriers hindering their widespread adoption. A quantitative research approach was adopted, utilising an online questionnaire survey. Participants included construction professionals registered with SACPCMP. A convenient sampling method was employed. Of the 213 distributed questionnaires, 110 were returned, yielding a 52.1% response rate. Data analysis was conducted using  Stata version 17. The findings revealed that cybersecurity concerns, legal issues, and a lack of training are the primary barriers to adopting building maintenance technologies in South Africa. The study also noted that the overall uptake of these technologies remains slow despite their potential benefits. The study is limited by its reliance on self-reported data and the cross-sectional research design. Future research could explore causal relationships between barriers and technology adoption. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions to address cybersecurity concerns, clarify legal frameworks, and invest in training programs to accelerate technology adoption. This research provides valuable insights for industry stakeholders, including building owners, maintenance managers, and technology providers. Organisations can develop targeted strategies to overcome these challenges and enhance maintenance practices by understanding the barriers to technology adoption. This research contributes to the body of knowledge on building maintenance technology adoption in South Africa. It informs industry stakeholders about key barriers and supports the transition towards more efficient and effective building maintenance practices, potentially leading to improved sustainability and performance.

10:30

Paper 069

Barriers and Adoption Strategies for Modular Construction in South Africa 

Barend du Toit (UFS), Unarine Netsianda (UFS)

Abstract 

Modular construction, a modern, contemporary approach to construction, involves crafting modules in a controlled factory setting and assembling them on-site. Modular construction signifies a departure from conventional construction methods, highlighting a vital evolution necessary for modernising the South African construction industry. While recognised as a viable construction method, its full potential remains untapped in developing nations like South Africa despite its benefits, such as accelerated construction time, eco-friendliness, and reduced waste. This paper primarily aims to investigate the limiting factors hindering the adoption of modular construction, explore strategies to improve the adoption of modular construction and attempt to identify key role players in the adoption process of modular construction in South Africa. The study employed a mixed-method approach, utilising a close-ended questionnaire distributed via Google Forms to 100 construction professionals in South Africa and conducting 10 semi-structured interviews via Microsoft Teams. The data was analysed using the statistical analysis tools in Microsoft Excel. The study identified key barriers to modular construction in South Africa: lack of awareness, fear of job losses, logistical constraints, negative perceptions, and insufficient financial backing. Strategies for adoption improvement involve public awareness campaigns, specific regulations, government incentives, and training programs. The study further concluded that construction firms and construction professionals play a pivotal role in adopting and implementing modular construction. Further research is needed to explore the complex dynamics surrounding the perceived fear of job losses and its impact on adopting modular construction in South Africa. Practical implications include addressing job loss concerns through public awareness as the most effective strategy based on the research data, tailored regulations, and proactive industry involvement. This paper aims to give stakeholders insight to foster collaboration among industry players, researchers, and policymakers, advancing South Africa's construction industry. 

11:00

Paper 085

Impediments to Productivity in Sustainable Construction Projects in Eastern Cape, South Africa: a Literature-based Assessment of Construction 5.0’s Potential to Mitigate the Challenges

Lukhona Solwandle (TUT), Justus Agumba (TUT), Oluseyi Adebowale (TUT)

Abstract 

The South African construction industry, a key economic driver, faces persistent productivity challenges, particularly in sustainable construction projects (SCPs). This study examines the technical and managerial impediments to productivity in SCPs and assesses the current literature regarding the potential of Construction 5.0 (C5.0) to address these challenges. A quantitative approach was used to collect data from 148 purposively sampled Grade 5-9 Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) contractors in the Eastern Cape. Data was gathered via a structured questionnaire (Google Form) and analysed with SPSS version 29.0 to identify major impediments to productivity in SCPs. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, were used for data interpretation. High mean scores for design errors, changes during construction, delays in responding to requests for information, frequent change orders, and delayed payments of claims revealed an interplay of technical and managerial impediments. Based on the existing studies, the study advocates C5.0's potential to address these issues by enhancing collaboration, data management, and decision-making. The study's scope is limited to the Eastern Cape and relies on secondary data regarding C5.0 to mitigate these challenges. Further research is needed to enhance the robustness of the analysis and the generalizability of the findings to other regions. The study emphasizes the need for C5.0 adoption to improve productivity in SCPs. Industry practitioners should prioritize technology investment, training, and infrastructure. Policymakers can encourage C5.0 adoption through supportive regulations and incentives. This research contributes to the discourse on SCP productivity and the transformative potential of C5.0. It provides insights for industry practitioners, policymakers, and researchers seeking to improve project performance and sustainability, advocating for innovative technologies to transform traditional construction practices.

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Lunch

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Paper 003

Analysis of the Impact That Evolving Quantity Surveying Client Services Have on Mining Capital Projects

Binaica Dalpat (Wits), Rolien Terblanche (Wits & UCT)

Abstract 

The evolution of Quantity Surveying (QS) client services within the context of Mining Capital Projects carries significant implications for project outcomes, resource allocation, and industry dynamics. This paper comprehensively analyses the ramifications of these evolving services, focusing on their impact on the need for Quantity Surveyors through various project phases. The research illuminates the nuanced interplay between evolving QS client services and the intricate fabric of Mining Capital Projects. The study uncovers insights that transcend conventional paradigms by scrutinising key metrics such as cost efficiency, job creation potential, and project flow optimisation. Data collection involved engaging with stakeholders across the spectrum of Mining Capital Projects, including Quantity Surveyors, Engineers, and Client personnel. Through interviews and qualitative analysis, the research captured diverse perspectives and extracted beliefs regarding the role and impact of QS services. The significance of this research extends beyond the confines of the Quantity Surveying profession, reverberating throughout the broader mining industry. A deeper understanding of QS services within Mining Capital Projects promises to enhance project management strategies, foster innovation, and bolster industry resilience. The results of the interviews portrayed quantity surveying services as evolving, with core services being the centre point of the evolution. Quantity Surveying services are no longer centred around measuring off drawings and reporting quantities, encapsulating cost reporting, commercial and contractual involvement, and complementing the core functions of project management. Due to the Quantity Surveyors' adaptability, mining capital project clients' reliance on their services has increased. The Quantity Surveyor has become more prominent in the Client's Owners team and is now crucial to the project organogram. This leads to early engagement with quantity surveyors during the initial stages of the project life cycle.

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Paper 043

Leveraging Digital Technologies for Operations and Maintenance in Public Health Hospitals: the Case of Kwazulu-Natal 

Nishani Harinarain (UKZN), Mbongiseni Gcaba (UKZN)

Abstract 

South Africa is preparing for the implementation of the National Health Insurance (NHI) to enhance universal health coverage. The hospital infrastructure's efficient operation and maintenance (O&M) is key to the NHI's success. However, many hospitals lack the reliable and accessible asset information necessary for effective O&M. This study investigates the use of digital technologies to enhance the O&M of public health hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal by exploring the use of digital technologies in the O&M process. A qualitative research methodology was adopted to comprehensively understand the phenomenon by exploring participants' experiences and perspectives. Nine respondents were purposively selected: Chief Executive Officers, Facilities and Maintenance Managers, and Quantity Surveyors with over five years of experience in hospital O&M. Semi-structured interviews were conducted using MS Teams and WhatsApp Video, and the data was thematically analysed. The qualitative approach was chosen to capture the depth and complexity of the respondents' insights regarding integrating digital technologies in resource-constrained environments.The study revealed that digital technologies could significantly reduce reliance on compensation budgets by automating processes and providing real-time data on critical hospital infrastructure components. These technologies were found to enhance O&M planning, optimise maintenance cost estimation, and align budgeting processes with actual O&M requirements. Notably, integrating such technologies will improve inventory management and performance measurement, directly impacting the operational efficiency of hospital services. This study is geographically limited to public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, which may restrict the generalisability of the findings to other regions with different healthcare contexts and resource constraints.To realise the benefits of these digital technologies, budget allocation for their implementation must be prioritised over the Medium-Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF). Adopting these technologies could improve patient outcomes by minimising downtime, enhancing service reliability, and optimising resource use in hospital settings. By focusing on the specific challenges faced by public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, the research provides unique insights into the potential of digital solutions to transform O&M practices and improve healthcare delivery in similar environments.